mirror of
https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action.git
synced 2025-11-04 09:23:51 +00:00
3ca8a7c535
- Clarify that the script_path parameter refers to a file path within the repository for remote command execution in both Simplified and Traditional Chinese documentation Signed-off-by: appleboy <appleboy.tw@gmail.com>
491 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
491 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# 🚀 用于 GitHub Actions 的 SSH
|
||
|
||
[English](./README.md) | [繁體中文](./README.zh-tw.md) | 简体中文
|
||
|
||
## 目录
|
||
|
||
- [🚀 用于 GitHub Actions 的 SSH](#-用于-github-actions-的-ssh)
|
||
- [目录](#目录)
|
||
- [📖 简介](#-简介)
|
||
- [🧩 核心概念与输入参数](#-核心概念与输入参数)
|
||
- [🔌 连接设置](#-连接设置)
|
||
- [🛠️ 指令设置](#️-指令设置)
|
||
- [🌐 代理设置](#-代理设置)
|
||
- [⚡ 快速开始](#-快速开始)
|
||
- [🔑 SSH 密钥配置与 OpenSSH 兼容性](#-ssh-密钥配置与-openssh-兼容性)
|
||
- [配置 SSH 密钥](#配置-ssh-密钥)
|
||
- [生成 RSA 密钥](#生成-rsa-密钥)
|
||
- [生成 ED25519 密钥](#生成-ed25519-密钥)
|
||
- [OpenSSH 兼容性](#openssh-兼容性)
|
||
- [🛠️ 用法场景与进阶示例](#️-用法场景与进阶示例)
|
||
- [使用密码认证](#使用密码认证)
|
||
- [使用私钥认证](#使用私钥认证)
|
||
- [多条命令](#多条命令)
|
||
- [从文件执行命令](#从文件执行命令)
|
||
- [多主机](#多主机)
|
||
- [多主机不同端口](#多主机不同端口)
|
||
- [多主机同步执行](#多主机同步执行)
|
||
- [传递环境变量到 shell 脚本](#传递环境变量到-shell-脚本)
|
||
- [🌐 代理与跳板机用法](#-代理与跳板机用法)
|
||
- [🛡️ 安全最佳实践](#️-安全最佳实践)
|
||
- [保护你的私钥](#保护你的私钥)
|
||
- [主机指纹验证](#主机指纹验证)
|
||
- [🚨 错误处理与疑难解答](#-错误处理与疑难解答)
|
||
- [常见问题](#常见问题)
|
||
- [命令未找到（npm 或其他命令）](#命令未找到npm-或其他命令)
|
||
- [🤝 贡献](#-贡献)
|
||
- [📝 许可证](#-许可证)
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 📖 简介
|
||
|
||
**SSH for GitHub Actions** 是一个强大的 [GitHub Action](https://github.com/features/actions)，可让你在 CI/CD 工作流中轻松且安全地执行远程 SSH 命令。
|
||
本项目基于 [Golang](https://go.dev) 和 [drone-ssh](https://github.com/appleboy/drone-ssh) 构建，支持多主机、代理、高级认证等多种 SSH 场景。
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
[](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/actions/workflows/main.yml)
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 🧩 核心概念与输入参数
|
||
|
||
本 Action 提供灵活的 SSH 命令执行能力，并具备丰富的配置选项。
|
||
|
||
详细参数请参阅 [action.yml](./action.yml)。
|
||
|
||
### 🔌 连接设置
|
||
|
||
这些参数用于控制如何连接到远程主机。
|
||
|
||
| 参数 | 描述 | 默认值 |
|
||
| ------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ------ |
|
||
| host | SSH 主机地址 | |
|
||
| port | SSH 端口号 | 22 |
|
||
| username | SSH 用户名 | |
|
||
| password | SSH 密码 | |
|
||
| protocol | SSH 协议版本（`tcp`、`tcp4`、`tcp6`） | tcp |
|
||
| sync | 指定多个主机时同步执行 | false |
|
||
| timeout | SSH 连接主机的超时时间 | 30s |
|
||
| key | SSH 私钥内容（如 `~/.ssh/id_rsa` 的原始内容） | |
|
||
| key_path | SSH 私钥路径 | |
|
||
| passphrase | SSH 私钥密码短语 | |
|
||
| fingerprint | 主机公钥的 SHA256 指纹 | |
|
||
| use_insecure_cipher | 允许额外（不安全）的加密算法 | false |
|
||
| cipher | 允许的加密算法，未指定时使用默认值 | |
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### 🛠️ 指令设置
|
||
|
||
这些参数用于控制在远程主机上执行的命令及相关行为。
|
||
|
||
| 参数 | 描述 | 默认值 |
|
||
| --------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ------ |
|
||
| script | 远程执行的命令 | |
|
||
| script_path | 仓库中包含要远程执行命令的文件路径 | |
|
||
| envs | 传递给 shell 脚本的环境变量 | |
|
||
| envs_format | 环境变量传递的灵活配置 | |
|
||
| allenvs | 传递所有带 `GITHUB_` 和 `INPUT_` 前缀的环境变量到脚本 | false |
|
||
| command_timeout | SSH 命令执行超时时间 | 10m |
|
||
| debug | 启用调试模式 | false |
|
||
| request_pty | 向服务器请求伪终端 | false |
|
||
| curl_insecure | 允许 curl 连接无证书的 SSL 站点 | false |
|
||
| version | drone-ssh 二进制版本，未指定时使用最新版本 | |
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
### 🌐 代理设置
|
||
|
||
这些参数用于通过代理（跳板机）连接到目标主机。
|
||
|
||
| 参数 | 描述 | 默认值 |
|
||
| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ------ |
|
||
| proxy_host | SSH 代理主机 | |
|
||
| proxy_port | SSH 代理端口 | 22 |
|
||
| proxy_username | SSH 代理用户名 | |
|
||
| proxy_password | SSH 代理密码 | |
|
||
| proxy_passphrase | SSH 代理私钥密码短语 | |
|
||
| proxy_protocol | SSH 代理协议版本（`tcp`、`tcp4`、`tcp6`） | tcp |
|
||
| proxy_timeout | SSH 连接代理主机的超时时间 | 30s |
|
||
| proxy_key | SSH 代理私钥内容 | |
|
||
| proxy_key_path | SSH 代理私钥路径 | |
|
||
| proxy_fingerprint | 代理主机公钥的 SHA256 指纹 | |
|
||
| proxy_cipher | 代理允许的加密算法 | |
|
||
| proxy_use_insecure_cipher | 代理允许额外（不安全）的加密算法 | false |
|
||
|
||
> **注意：** 如需实现已移除的 `script_stop` 功能，请在 shell 脚本顶部添加 `set -e`。
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## ⚡ 快速开始
|
||
|
||
只需简单配置，即可在工作流中执行远程 SSH 命令：
|
||
|
||
```yaml
|
||
name: Remote SSH Command
|
||
on: [push]
|
||
jobs:
|
||
build:
|
||
name: Build
|
||
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
||
steps:
|
||
- name: 执行远程 SSH 命令（密码认证）
|
||
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
|
||
with:
|
||
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||
username: linuxserver.io
|
||
password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
|
||
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||
script: whoami
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**输出：**
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
======CMD======
|
||
whoami
|
||
======END======
|
||
linuxserver.io
|
||
===============================================
|
||
✅ Successfully executed commands to all hosts.
|
||
===============================================
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 🔑 SSH 密钥配置与 OpenSSH 兼容性
|
||
|
||
### 配置 SSH 密钥
|
||
|
||
建议在本地机器（而非远程服务器）上创建 SSH 密钥。请使用 GitHub Secrets 中指定的用户名登录并生成密钥对：
|
||
|
||
#### 生成 RSA 密钥
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 生成 ED25519 密钥
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C "your_email@example.com"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
将新生成的公钥添加到服务器的 authorized_keys。 [了解更多 authorized_keys](https://www.ssh.com/ssh/authorized_keys/)
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 添加 RSA 公钥
|
||
cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@host 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
|
||
|
||
# 添加 ED25519 公钥
|
||
cat .ssh/id_ed25519.pub | ssh user@host 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
复制私钥内容并粘贴到 GitHub Secrets。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# macOS
|
||
pbcopy < ~/.ssh/id_rsa
|
||
# Ubuntu
|
||
xclip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> **提示：** 复制内容需包含 `-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----` 到 `-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----`（含）。
|
||
|
||
ED25519 同理：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# macOS
|
||
pbcopy < ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
|
||
# Ubuntu
|
||
xclip < ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
更多信息：[SSH 无密码登录](http://www.linuxproblem.org/art_9.html)。
|
||
|
||
> **注意：** 根据 SSH 版本，可能还需：
|
||
>
|
||
> - 将公钥放入 `.ssh/authorized_keys2`
|
||
> - 设置 `.ssh` 权限为 700
|
||
> - 设置 `.ssh/authorized_keys2` 权限为 640
|
||
|
||
### OpenSSH 兼容性
|
||
|
||
如果出现如下错误：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
ssh: handshake failed: ssh: unable to authenticate, attempted methods [none publickey]
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
在 Ubuntu 20.04+，你可能需要显式允许 `ssh-rsa` 算法。请在 OpenSSH 配置文件（`/etc/ssh/sshd_config` 或 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/` 下的 drop-in 文件）中添加：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
CASignatureAlgorithms +ssh-rsa
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
或者，直接使用默认支持的 ED25519 密钥：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C "your_email@example.com"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 🛠️ 用法场景与进阶示例
|
||
|
||
本节涵盖常见与进阶用法，包括多主机、代理、环境变量传递等。
|
||
|
||
### 使用密码认证
|
||
|
||
```yaml
|
||
- name: 执行远程 SSH 命令（密码认证）
|
||
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
|
||
with:
|
||
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||
password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
|
||
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||
script: whoami
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 使用私钥认证
|
||
|
||
```yaml
|
||
- name: 执行远程 SSH 命令（密钥认证）
|
||
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
|
||
with:
|
||
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||
script: whoami
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 多条命令
|
||
|
||
```yaml
|
||
- name: 多条命令
|
||
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
|
||
with:
|
||
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||
script: |
|
||
whoami
|
||
ls -al
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 从文件执行命令
|
||
|
||
```yaml
|
||
- name: 文件命令
|
||
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
|
||
with:
|
||
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||
script_path: scripts/script.sh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 多主机
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- name: 多主机
|
||
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
|
||
with:
|
||
- host: "foo.com"
|
||
+ host: "foo.com,bar.com"
|
||
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||
script: |
|
||
whoami
|
||
ls -al
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
默认 `port` 为 `22`。
|
||
|
||
### 多主机不同端口
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- name: 多主机
|
||
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
|
||
with:
|
||
- host: "foo.com"
|
||
+ host: "foo.com:1234,bar.com:5678"
|
||
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||
script: |
|
||
whoami
|
||
ls -al
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 多主机同步执行
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- name: 多主机
|
||
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
|
||
with:
|
||
host: "foo.com,bar.com"
|
||
+ sync: true
|
||
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||
script: |
|
||
whoami
|
||
ls -al
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 传递环境变量到 shell 脚本
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- name: 传递环境变量
|
||
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
|
||
+ env:
|
||
+ FOO: "BAR"
|
||
+ BAR: "FOO"
|
||
+ SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
|
||
with:
|
||
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||
+ envs: FOO,BAR,SHA
|
||
script: |
|
||
echo "I am $FOO"
|
||
echo "I am $BAR"
|
||
echo "sha: $SHA"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> _`env` 对象中的所有环境变量必须为字符串。传递整数或其他类型可能导致意外结果。_
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 🌐 代理与跳板机用法
|
||
|
||
你可以通过代理（跳板机）连接到远程主机，适用于进阶网络拓扑。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
+--------+ +----------+ +-----------+
|
||
| Laptop | <--> | Jumphost | <--> | FooServer |
|
||
+--------+ +----------+ +-----------+
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
示例 `~/.ssh/config`：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
Host Jumphost
|
||
HostName Jumphost
|
||
User ubuntu
|
||
Port 22
|
||
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/keys/jump_host.pem
|
||
|
||
Host FooServer
|
||
HostName FooServer
|
||
User ubuntu
|
||
Port 22
|
||
ProxyCommand ssh -q -W %h:%p Jumphost
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**GitHub Actions YAML:**
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- name: SSH 代理命令
|
||
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
|
||
with:
|
||
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||
+ proxy_host: ${{ secrets.PROXY_HOST }}
|
||
+ proxy_username: ${{ secrets.PROXY_USERNAME }}
|
||
+ proxy_key: ${{ secrets.PROXY_KEY }}
|
||
+ proxy_port: ${{ secrets.PROXY_PORT }}
|
||
script: |
|
||
mkdir abc/def
|
||
ls -al
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 🛡️ 安全最佳实践
|
||
|
||
### 保护你的私钥
|
||
|
||
密码短语会加密你的私钥，即使泄露也无法被攻击者直接利用。请务必妥善保管私钥。
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- name: SSH 密钥密码短语
|
||
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
|
||
with:
|
||
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||
+ passphrase: ${{ secrets.PASSPHRASE }}
|
||
script: |
|
||
whoami
|
||
ls -al
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 主机指纹验证
|
||
|
||
验证 SSH 主机指纹有助于防止中间人攻击。获取主机指纹（将 `ed25519` 替换为你的密钥类型，`example.com` 替换为你的主机）：
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
ssh example.com ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub | cut -d ' ' -f2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
更新配置：
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- name: SSH 密钥密码短语
|
||
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
|
||
with:
|
||
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||
+ fingerprint: ${{ secrets.FINGERPRINT }}
|
||
script: |
|
||
whoami
|
||
ls -al
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 🚨 错误处理与疑难解答
|
||
|
||
### 常见问题
|
||
|
||
#### 命令未找到（npm 或其他命令）
|
||
|
||
如果遇到 "command not found" 错误，请参考 [此评论](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/issues/31#issuecomment-1006565847) 了解交互式与非交互式 shell 的区别。
|
||
|
||
许多 Linux 发行版的 `/etc/bash.bashrc` 包含如下内容：
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
|
||
[ -z "$PS1" ] && return
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
注释掉该行或使用命令的绝对路径。
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 🤝 贡献
|
||
|
||
欢迎贡献！请提交 Pull Request 改进 `appleboy/ssh-action`。
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 📝 许可证
|
||
|
||
本项目采用 [MIT License](LICENSE) 授权。
|