mirror of
https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action.git
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491 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
491 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# 🚀 SSH for GitHub Actions
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English | [繁體中文](./README.zh-tw.md) | [简体中文](./README.zh-cn.md)
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## Table of Contents
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- [🚀 SSH for GitHub Actions](#-ssh-for-github-actions)
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- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
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- [📖 Introduction](#-introduction)
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- [🧩 Core Concepts \& Input Parameters](#-core-concepts--input-parameters)
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- [🔌 Connection Settings](#-connection-settings)
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- [🛠️ SSH Command Settings](#️-ssh-command-settings)
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- [🌐 Proxy Settings](#-proxy-settings)
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- [⚡ Quick Start](#-quick-start)
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- [🔑 SSH Key Setup \& OpenSSH Compatibility](#-ssh-key-setup--openssh-compatibility)
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- [Setting Up SSH Keys](#setting-up-ssh-keys)
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- [Generate RSA key](#generate-rsa-key)
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- [Generate ED25519 key](#generate-ed25519-key)
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- [OpenSSH Compatibility](#openssh-compatibility)
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- [🛠️ Usage Scenarios \& Advanced Examples](#️-usage-scenarios--advanced-examples)
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- [Using password authentication](#using-password-authentication)
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- [Using private key authentication](#using-private-key-authentication)
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- [Multiple commands](#multiple-commands)
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- [Run commands from a file](#run-commands-from-a-file)
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- [Multiple hosts](#multiple-hosts)
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- [Multiple hosts with different ports](#multiple-hosts-with-different-ports)
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- [Synchronous execution on multiple hosts](#synchronous-execution-on-multiple-hosts)
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- [Pass environment variables to shell script](#pass-environment-variables-to-shell-script)
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- [🌐 Proxy \& Jump Host Usage](#-proxy--jump-host-usage)
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- [🛡️ Security Best Practices](#️-security-best-practices)
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- [Protecting Your Private Key](#protecting-your-private-key)
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- [Host Fingerprint Verification](#host-fingerprint-verification)
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- [🚨 Error Handling \& Troubleshooting](#-error-handling--troubleshooting)
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- [Q\&A](#qa)
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- [Command not found (npm or other command)](#command-not-found-npm-or-other-command)
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- [🤝 Contributing](#-contributing)
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- [📝 License](#-license)
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---
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## 📖 Introduction
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**SSH for GitHub Actions** is a powerful [GitHub Action](https://github.com/features/actions) for executing remote SSH commands easily and securely in your CI/CD workflows.
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Built with [Golang](https://go.dev) and [drone-ssh](https://github.com/appleboy/drone-ssh), it supports a wide range of SSH scenarios, including multi-host, proxy, and advanced authentication.
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[](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/actions/workflows/main.yml)
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---
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## 🧩 Core Concepts & Input Parameters
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This action provides flexible SSH command execution with a rich set of configuration options.
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For full details, see [action.yml](./action.yml).
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### 🔌 Connection Settings
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These parameters control how the action connects to your remote host.
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| Parameter | Description | Default |
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| ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
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| host | SSH host address | |
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| port | SSH port number | 22 |
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| username | SSH username | |
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| password | SSH password | |
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| protocol | SSH protocol version (`tcp`, `tcp4`, `tcp6`) | tcp |
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| sync | Run synchronously if multiple hosts are specified | false |
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| timeout | Timeout for SSH connection to host | 30s |
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| key | Content of SSH private key (e.g., raw content of `~/.ssh/id_rsa`) | |
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| key_path | Path to SSH private key | |
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| passphrase | Passphrase for the SSH private key | |
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| fingerprint | SHA256 fingerprint of the host public key | |
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| use_insecure_cipher | Allow additional (less secure) ciphers | false |
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| cipher | Allowed cipher algorithms. Uses sensible defaults if unspecified | |
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---
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### 🛠️ SSH Command Settings
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These parameters control the commands executed on the remote host and related behaviors.
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| Parameter | Description | Default |
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| --------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
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| script | Commands to execute remotely | |
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| script_path | Path to a file in the repository containing commands to execute remotely | |
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| envs | Environment variables to pass to the shell script | |
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| envs_format | Flexible configuration for environment variable transfer | |
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| allenvs | Pass all environment variables with `GITHUB_` and `INPUT_` prefixes to the script | false |
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| command_timeout | Timeout for SSH command execution | 10m |
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| debug | Enable debug mode | false |
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| request_pty | Request a pseudo-terminal from the server | false |
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| curl_insecure | Allow curl to connect to SSL sites without certificates | false |
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| version | drone-ssh binary version. If not specified, the latest version will be used. | |
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---
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### 🌐 Proxy Settings
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These parameters control the use of a proxy (jump host) for connecting to your target host.
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| Parameter | Description | Default |
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| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ------- |
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| proxy_host | SSH proxy host | |
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| proxy_port | SSH proxy port | 22 |
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| proxy_username | SSH proxy username | |
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| proxy_password | SSH proxy password | |
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| proxy_passphrase | SSH proxy key passphrase | |
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| proxy_protocol | SSH proxy protocol version | tcp |
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| proxy_timeout | Timeout for SSH connection to proxy host | 30s |
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| proxy_key | Content of SSH proxy private key | |
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| proxy_key_path | Path to SSH proxy private key | |
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| proxy_fingerprint | SHA256 fingerprint of the proxy host public key | |
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| proxy_cipher | Allowed cipher algorithms for the proxy | |
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| proxy_use_insecure_cipher | Allow insecure ciphers for the proxy | false |
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> **Note:** To mimic the removed `script_stop` option, add `set -e` at the top of your shell script.
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---
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## ⚡ Quick Start
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Run remote SSH commands in your workflow with minimal configuration:
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```yaml
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name: Remote SSH Command
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on: [push]
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jobs:
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build:
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name: Build
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- name: Execute remote SSH commands using password
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: linuxserver.io
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password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: whoami
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```
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**Output:**
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```sh
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======CMD======
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whoami
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======END======
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linuxserver.io
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===============================================
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✅ Successfully executed commands to all hosts.
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===============================================
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```
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---
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## 🔑 SSH Key Setup & OpenSSH Compatibility
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### Setting Up SSH Keys
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It is best practice to create SSH keys on your local machine (not on a remote server). Log in with the username specified in GitHub Secrets and generate a key pair:
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#### Generate RSA key
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
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```
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#### Generate ED25519 key
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C "your_email@example.com"
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```
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Add the new public key to the authorized keys on your server. [Learn more about authorized keys.](https://www.ssh.com/ssh/authorized_keys/)
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```bash
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# Add RSA key
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cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@host 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
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# Add ED25519 key
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cat .ssh/id_ed25519.pub | ssh user@host 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
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```
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Copy the private key content and paste it into GitHub Secrets.
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```bash
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# macOS
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pbcopy < ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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# Ubuntu
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xclip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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```
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> **Tip:** Copy from `-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----` to `-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----` (inclusive).
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For ED25519:
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```bash
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# macOS
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pbcopy < ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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# Ubuntu
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xclip < ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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```
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See more: [SSH login without a password](http://www.linuxproblem.org/art_9.html).
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> **Note:** Depending on your SSH version, you may also need to:
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>
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> - Place the public key in `.ssh/authorized_keys2`
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> - Set `.ssh` permissions to 700
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> - Set `.ssh/authorized_keys2` permissions to 640
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### OpenSSH Compatibility
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If you see this error:
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```bash
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ssh: handshake failed: ssh: unable to authenticate, attempted methods [none publickey]
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```
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On Ubuntu 20.04+ you may need to explicitly allow the `ssh-rsa` algorithm. Add this to your OpenSSH daemon config (`/etc/ssh/sshd_config` or a drop-in under `/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/`):
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```bash
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CASignatureAlgorithms +ssh-rsa
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```
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Alternatively, use ED25519 keys (supported by default):
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C "your_email@example.com"
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```
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---
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## 🛠️ Usage Scenarios & Advanced Examples
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This section covers common and advanced usage patterns, including multi-host, proxy, and environment variable passing.
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### Using password authentication
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```yaml
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- name: Execute remote SSH commands using password
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: whoami
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```
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### Using private key authentication
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```yaml
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- name: Execute remote SSH commands using SSH key
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: whoami
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```
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### Multiple commands
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```yaml
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- name: Multiple commands
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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### Run commands from a file
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```yaml
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- name: File commands
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script_path: scripts/script.sh
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```
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### Multiple hosts
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```diff
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- name: Multiple hosts
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
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with:
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- host: "foo.com"
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+ host: "foo.com,bar.com"
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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Default `port` is `22`.
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### Multiple hosts with different ports
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```diff
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- name: Multiple hosts
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
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with:
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- host: "foo.com"
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+ host: "foo.com:1234,bar.com:5678"
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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### Synchronous execution on multiple hosts
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```diff
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- name: Multiple hosts
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
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with:
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host: "foo.com,bar.com"
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+ sync: true
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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### Pass environment variables to shell script
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```diff
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- name: Pass environment
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
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+ env:
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+ FOO: "BAR"
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+ BAR: "FOO"
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+ SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ envs: FOO,BAR,SHA
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script: |
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echo "I am $FOO"
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echo "I am $BAR"
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echo "sha: $SHA"
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```
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> _All environment variables in the `env` object must be strings. Using integers or other types may cause unexpected results._
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---
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## 🌐 Proxy & Jump Host Usage
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You can connect to remote hosts via a proxy (jump host) for advanced network topologies.
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```bash
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+--------+ +----------+ +-----------+
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| Laptop | <--> | Jumphost | <--> | FooServer |
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+--------+ +----------+ +-----------+
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```
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Example `~/.ssh/config`:
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```bash
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Host Jumphost
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HostName Jumphost
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User ubuntu
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Port 22
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IdentityFile ~/.ssh/keys/jump_host.pem
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Host FooServer
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HostName FooServer
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User ubuntu
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Port 22
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ProxyCommand ssh -q -W %h:%p Jumphost
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```
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**GitHub Actions YAML:**
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```diff
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- name: SSH proxy command
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ proxy_host: ${{ secrets.PROXY_HOST }}
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+ proxy_username: ${{ secrets.PROXY_USERNAME }}
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+ proxy_key: ${{ secrets.PROXY_KEY }}
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+ proxy_port: ${{ secrets.PROXY_PORT }}
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script: |
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mkdir abc/def
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ls -al
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```
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---
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## 🛡️ Security Best Practices
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### Protecting Your Private Key
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A passphrase encrypts your private key, making it useless to attackers if leaked. Always store your private key securely.
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```diff
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- name: SSH key passphrase
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ passphrase: ${{ secrets.PASSPHRASE }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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### Host Fingerprint Verification
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Verifying the SSH host fingerprint helps prevent man-in-the-middle attacks. To get your host's fingerprint (replace `ed25519` with your key type and `example.com` with your host):
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```sh
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ssh example.com ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub | cut -d ' ' -f2
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```
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Update your config:
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```diff
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- name: SSH key passphrase
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ fingerprint: ${{ secrets.FINGERPRINT }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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---
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## 🚨 Error Handling & Troubleshooting
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### Q&A
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#### Command not found (npm or other command)
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If you encounter "command not found" errors, see [this issue comment](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/issues/31#issuecomment-1006565847) about interactive vs non-interactive shells.
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On many Linux distros, `/etc/bash.bashrc` contains:
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```sh
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# If not running interactively, don't do anything
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[ -z "$PS1" ] && return
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```
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Comment out this line or use absolute paths for your commands.
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---
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## 🤝 Contributing
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Contributions are welcome! Please submit a pull request to help improve `appleboy/ssh-action`.
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---
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## 📝 License
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This project is licensed under the [MIT License](LICENSE).
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